India has a long and troubled border with China and Pakistan fraught with contentious issues. Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges along the border. Also give out the development being undertaken in these areas under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) and Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme.
What the examiner wants
Examine the disputed issues and security challenges on India's borders with China and Pakistan, and the development done under BADP and the BIM scheme.
Demand-wise check
- 1China: undefined and differently perceived LAC, transgressions (Depsang, Galwan 2020, Yangtse 2022), Chinese dual-use 'xiaokang' villages and roads, Arunachal claims; 2024 patrolling agreement≈50 words
- 2Pakistan: LoC infiltration and ceasefire violations, Sir Creek dispute, cross-border drones for arms and drugs, smuggling, tunnels on the IB≈50 words
- 3BADP: needs-based development of villages within 0–10 km of the border (roads, schools, health, water); Vibrant Villages Programme (2023) for northern border villages≈50 words
- 4BIM: fencing, floodlights, border roads, Border Outposts, technology (CIBMS smart fencing)≈50 words
Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.
Answer plan
Where marks usually go
- Writing on one border only
- Not distinguishing BADP (development) from BIM (infrastructure for security)
Draw this
- Map of India's northern and western borders marking flashpoints
Value addition
- SchemeVibrant Villages Programme (2023) covers 2,967 villages in Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh.Ministry of Home Affairs
- TechComprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS) uses sensors and cameras on gaps where fencing is not possible (e.g. riverine stretches).Ministry of Home Affairs / BSF
Mapped topper copies
Reviewed public-source references related to this PYQ. Same-syllabus references are labelled separately.
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 50 ↗Reviewed PYQ reference
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