QUESTION 18
GS3
15 marks
Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing the ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015–2030).’ How is this framework different from the ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005’?
WRITE IN
11 min
250 words
What the examiner wants
Describe India's DRR measures before and after Sendai (2015) and show how Sendai differs from Hyogo (2005).
Describe + DistinguishGive a clear, detailed account of the main features. Bring out the differences clearly, point by point.
Demand-wise check
- 1Before Sendai: DM Act 2005, NDMA, NDRF, National Policy on DM 2009, cyclone warnings (Phailin 2013 evacuation)≈50 words
- 2After Sendai: NDMP 2016 (first national plan, aligned with Sendai), PM's 10-point agenda (2016), heat action plans, CDRI (2019), 15th FC disaster funds with mitigation windows≈50 words
- 3Hyogo: five priorities, focus on managing disasters and building resilience≈50 words
- 4Sendai: managing risk, seven global targets, four priorities, health and biological hazards, 'Build Back Better', wider stakeholders≈50 words
Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.
Answer plan
India's DRR beforeAfterHyogo vs Sendai comparisonGapsConclusion
Where marks usually go
- Not dividing measures into before and after
- Weak comparison with no mention of Sendai's seven targets
Draw this
- Comparison table: Hyogo 2005-15 vs Sendai 2015-30
Value addition
- FactIndia's National Disaster Management Plan (2016) was the first national plan aligned with the Sendai Framework.NDMA, 2016
- FactSendai has 7 global targets and 4 priorities; Hyogo had 5 priorities for action.UNDRR
- ExampleIndia launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure at the UN Climate Action Summit, 2019.MEA, 2019
Mapped topper copies
Reviewed public-source references related to this PYQ. Same-syllabus references are labelled separately.
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 44 ↗Reviewed PYQ reference
- Mayank Purohit · AIR 33 · Page 5 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Aniket Ranjan · AIR 48 · Page 44 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Aniket Ranjan · AIR 48 · Page 17 ↗Same syllabus reference
Links open original public sources. MainsBuddy does not host these answer sheets.
Next: plan for one minute, write it in 11 minutes, then get it checked.