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QUESTION 4
GS1
10 marks

Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation?

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7 min
150 words
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What the examiner wants

Explain why India needs its own regional navigation system and how it helps navigation.

ExplainMake clear how and why it happens: causes, process, and an example for each point.

Demand-wise check

  1. 1Need: strategic independence from GPS (Kargil 1999 experience), security, reliability≈30 words
  2. 2System: 7 satellites (3 GEO, 4 GSO), covering India and 1,500 km around; accuracy about 10–20 m≈30 words
  3. 3Uses: military, disaster alerts, fishermen, vehicle tracking, mapping, timing for power grids and banks≈30 words
  4. 4Issues: atomic clock failures; NVS series replacement≈30 words

Open in about 20 words and close in about 20.

Answer plan

NeedHow it worksApplicationsChallengesConclusion

Where marks usually go

  • Only technical details
  • No strategic reason

Draw this

  • Sketch of NavIC coverage area

Value addition

  • FactDuring Kargil (1999), India was reportedly denied GPS data, which pushed the indigenous system.ISRO / public statements
  • FactNVS-01 (2023) carried India's first indigenous rubidium atomic clock for NavIC.ISRO