In line with the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Indian Constitution, the government has a constitutional obligation to ensure basic needs – “Roti, Kapda aur Makan (Food, Clothes and Shelter)” – for the under-privileged. Pursuing this mandate, the district administration proposed clearing a portion of forest land to develop housing for the homeless and economically weaker sections of the society. The proposed land, however, is an ecologically sensitive zone densely populated with age-old trees, medicinal plants and vital biodiversity. Besides, these forests help to regulate micro-climate and rainfalls; provide habitat for wildlife, support soil fertility and prevent land/soil erosion and sustain livelihoods of tribal and nomadic communities. Inspite of the ecological and social costs, the administration argues in favour of the said proposal by highlighting that this very initiative addresses fundamental human rights as a critical welfare priority. Besides it, it fulfils the government’s duty to uplift and empower the poor through inclusive housing development. Further, these forest areas have become unsafe due to wild-animal threats and recurring human-wild life conflicts. Lastly, clearing forest-zones may help to curb anti-social elements allegedly using these areas as hideouts, thereby enhancing law and order.(a) Can deforestation be ethically justified in the pursuit of social welfare objectives like, housing for the homeless?(b) What are the socio-economic, administrative and ethical challenges in balancing environmental conservation with human development?(c) What substantial alternatives or policy interventions can be proposed to ensure that both environmental integrity and human dignity are protected?
What the examiner wants
Should a district clear an ecologically sensitive forest to house the homeless? Judge the ethics, the challenges of balancing, and suggest alternatives.
Demand-wise check
- 1(a) Not justified as proposed: shelter is a right, but irreversible damage harms the poor and tribals most; the 'hideout' and 'animal threat' reasons are weak≈65 words
- 2(b) Challenges: livelihoods of forest dwellers, legal clearance, land scarcity, political pressure, intergenerational justice≈65 words
- 3(c) Alternatives: degraded or government land, vertical housing, in-situ slum upgrading, PMAY, rental housing, compensatory afforestation as last resort, consent of Gram Sabha under FRA≈65 words
Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.
Answer plan
Where marks usually go
- Approving deforestation only because housing is a right
- Ignoring tribal and nomadic communities' rights
Draw this
- Venn: environmental integrity ∩ human dignity = sustainable housing
Value addition
- LawForest Rights Act, 2006 requires recognition of forest dwellers' rights and Gram Sabha consent before diversion (as held in Niyamgiri, 2013).Forest Rights Act, 2006; Supreme Court
- SchemePMAY-Urban 2.0 (2024) supports affordable rental housing and housing on available urban land.Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Mapped topper copies
Reviewed public-source references related to this PYQ. Same-syllabus references are labelled separately.
- Aakash Garg · AIR 5 · Page 31 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 33 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Aakash Garg · AIR 5 · Page 37 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Aakash Garg · AIR 5 · Page 35 ↗Same syllabus reference
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