QUESTION 18
GS3
15 marks
Write a review on India's climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened in COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution intended by India been updated in 2022?
WRITE IN
11 min
250 words
What the examiner wants
Review India's Paris commitments, how they were strengthened at COP26, and how the first NDC was updated in 2022.
ReviewAnswer exactly what the question asks.
Demand-wise check
- 1Paris (2015) INDC: 33–35% cut in emissions intensity of GDP by 2030 from 2005 levels; 40% installed power from non-fossil sources; 2.5–3 billion tonnes CO2e additional carbon sink≈50 words
- 2COP26 (2021) Panchamrit: 500 GW non-fossil capacity, 50% energy needs from renewables, 1 billion tonne emission cut, 45% intensity cut, net zero by 2070≈50 words
- 3Updated NDC (August 2022): 45% emission intensity reduction by 2030; 50% cumulative electric power capacity from non-fossil sources by 2030; LiFE mass movement≈50 words
- 4Progress: non-fossil capacity crossed 50% in 2025; intensity fell about a third by 2020≈50 words
Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.
Answer plan
Paris targetsCOP26 Panchamrit2022 updateProgressGapsConclusion
Where marks usually go
- Mixing COP26 announcements with the formally updated NDC
- No figures
Draw this
- Table: Paris INDC vs 2022 updated NDC
Value addition
- FactIndia's updated NDC (approved August 2022) commits to reduce emission intensity of GDP by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030.Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change / UNFCCC
- DataIndia achieved about 33% reduction in emissions intensity between 2005 and 2019.India's Third National Communication / BUR-4 to UNFCCC
Mapped topper copies
Reviewed public-source references related to this PYQ. Same-syllabus references are labelled separately.
- Aniket Ranjan · AIR 48 · Page 41 ↗Reviewed PYQ reference
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 19 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 17 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 41 ↗Same syllabus reference
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