What the examiner wants

Give a reasoned opinion on whether tribal development in India has centred mainly on displacement and rehabilitation.

Demand-wise check

1. 1Why it looks that way: dams, mines and industries in tribal areas, large share of displaced persons are tribals, poor rehabilitation record≈65 words
2. 2Other axes of tribal development: constitutional protection (Fifth and Sixth Schedules), PESA, FRA, education (Eklavya schools), PM-JANMAN for PVTGs, tribal sub-plan≈65 words
3. 3Opinion: displacement has dominated outcomes, but the policy framework is broader≈65 words

Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.

Answer plan

Value addition

• DataWalter Fernandes estimated that tribals are about 40% of people displaced by development projects since 1947, though they are about 8.6% of the population.Walter Fernandes, studies on development-induced displacement
• LawRFCTLARR Act, 2013 requires Gram Sabha consent in Scheduled Areas and a Social Impact Assessment.Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013