← All questionsGS2 · 2025 · Social Justice ·Civil Society: Anti-State or Non-State?
QUESTION 8
GS2
10 marks

Civil Society Organizations are often perceived as being anti-State actors than non-State actors. Do you agree? Justify.

WRITE IN
7 min
150 words

What the examiner wants

Take a stand on whether civil society organisations are wrongly seen as anti-state, and justify it.

JustifyGive reasons and evidence that support the statement.

Demand-wise check

  1. 1Non-state role: service delivery, partners in schemes, watchdogs, advocacy (RTI, MGNREGA campaigns)≈35 words
  2. 2Why seen as anti-state: protests against projects, foreign funding, FCRA cancellations, litigation≈35 words
  3. 3Opinion: dissent is not anti-state; accountability and transparency on both sides≈35 words

Open in about 20 words and close in about 20.

Answer plan

StandCSOs as partnersWhy perceived as anti-stateReasoningConclusion

Where marks usually go

  • No position
  • No examples of collaboration

Draw this

  • Spectrum: partner ↔ critic ↔ adversary

Value addition

  • ExampleMKSS's campaign led to the Right to Information Act, 2005, later embraced by the state.Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
  • LawThe FCRA (Amendment) Act, 2020 tightened foreign funding rules for NGOs.Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2020

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