QUESTION 16
GS1
15 marks
How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India?
WRITE IN
11 min
250 words
What the examiner wants
Explain how efficient, affordable urban mass transit drives India's economic development.
ExplainMake clear how and why it happens: causes, process, and an example for each point.
Demand-wise check
- 1Productivity: shorter commute, larger labour market, agglomeration economies≈50 words
- 2Inclusion: affordable mobility for workers, women's safety≈50 words
- 3Environment: less congestion and pollution, fuel imports≈50 words
- 4Examples: Delhi Metro, Mumbai suburban rail, BRTS, PM e-Bus Sewa; challenges: last-mile, finance≈50 words
Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.
Answer plan
Link to growthInclusionEnvironmentExamplesChallengesConclusion
Where marks usually go
- Only metro projects
- No economic link
Draw this
- Flow: transit → access to jobs → productivity
Value addition
- DataIndia's metro network crossed about 1,000 km in operation in 2025.MoHUA
- DataMumbai suburban rail carries about 75 lakh passengers a day.Central and Western Railway
Next: plan for one minute, write it in 11 minutes, then get it checked.