QUESTION 15
GS3
12.5 marks
The frequency of urban floods due to high-intensity rainfall is increasing over the years. Discussing reasons for urban floods, highlight mechanisms for preparedness to reduce risk during such events.
WRITE IN
9 min
200 words
What the examiner wants
Discuss why urban floods are increasing and highlight preparedness mechanisms to reduce risk.
Discuss... highlightAnswer exactly what the question asks.
Demand-wise check
- 1Reasons: extreme rainfall from climate change, encroached lakes and drains, impervious surfaces, poor solid waste management, outdated drainage design≈45 words
- 2Preparedness: real-time rainfall and flood warning, Doppler radars, ward-level flood maps, storm-water master plans, desilting before monsoon, community drills≈45 words
- 3Institutions: NDMA guidelines, city disaster plans, sponge-city design≈45 words
Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.
Answer plan
TrendReasonsPreparedness (early warning, infrastructure, institutions, community)Conclusion
Where marks usually go
- Focusing only on response and relief
- No city-specific example
Draw this
- Preparedness cycle for a city: forecast → alert → evacuation → drain management
Value addition
- GuidelineNDMA Urban Flood Management Guidelines (2010) call for Doppler radar coverage and a dedicated urban flood early warning system.NDMA, 2010
- ExampleMumbai's IFLOWS-Mumbai (2020) is an integrated flood warning system.MoES, 2020
- ExampleMumbai's BRIMSTOWAD storm-water plan, prepared in 1993, was still largely unimplemented when the 2005 floods hit.Chitale Fact Finding Committee, 2006
Mapped topper copies
Reviewed public-source references related to this PYQ. Same-syllabus references are labelled separately.
- Aniket Ranjan · AIR 48 · Page 17 ↗Reviewed PYQ reference
- Mayank Purohit · AIR 33 · Page 5 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 44 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Aniket Ranjan · AIR 48 · Page 44 ↗Same syllabus reference
Links open original public sources. MainsBuddy does not host these answer sheets.
Next: plan for one minute, write it in 9 minutes, then get it checked.