QUESTION 12
GS3
12.5 marks
Rehabilitation of human settlements is one of the important environmental impacts which always attracts controversy while planning major projects. Discuss measures suggested for mitigation of this impact while proposing major developmental projects.
WRITE IN
9 min
200 words
What the examiner wants
Discuss measures to reduce the displacement and resettlement impact of major projects.
DiscussExplain the different sides of the issue, use evidence, and finish with a balanced view.
Demand-wise check
- 1Why controversial: loss of land, livelihood, culture; tribals and forest dwellers worst hit; past failures (Narmada)≈45 words
- 2Measures: avoid or minimise displacement in design, SIA with EIA, prior informed consent, land-for-land, livelihood and skill support, benefit sharing, grievance redress and monitoring≈45 words
- 3Legal frame: RFCTLARR Act 2013, FRA 2006, PESA≈45 words
Open in about 30 words and close in about 30.
Answer plan
Nature of impactPast controversiesMitigation measures at planning, compensation and post-resettlement stagesConclusion
Where marks usually go
- Only describing displacement without measures
- Ignoring the legal framework
Draw this
- Project cycle diagram showing SIA, consent, R&R and monitoring points
Value addition
- LawRFCTLARR Act 2013 requires Social Impact Assessment and consent of 80% of affected families for private projects and 70% for PPP projects.RFCTLARR Act, 2013
- CaseNarmada Bachao Andolan v Union of India (2000) allowed Sardar Sarovar to proceed but tied height increases to rehabilitation.Supreme Court, 2000
Mapped topper copies
Reviewed public-source references related to this PYQ. Same-syllabus references are labelled separately.
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 17 ↗Reviewed PYQ reference
- Aniket Ranjan · AIR 48 · Page 15 ↗Reviewed PYQ reference
- Shakti Dubey · AIR 1 · Page 41 ↗Same syllabus reference
- Aniket Ranjan · AIR 48 · Page 41 ↗Same syllabus reference
Links open original public sources. MainsBuddy does not host these answer sheets.
Next: plan for one minute, write it in 9 minutes, then get it checked.