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MAINS 2014
GS1
10 marks

Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of water?

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7 min
150 words
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What the examiner wants

Explain why eastern India missed the Green Revolution despite fertile soil and water.

ExplainMake clear how and why it happens: causes, process, and an example for each point.

Demand-wise check

  1. 1Institutional: zamindari/Permanent Settlement legacy, tenancy insecurity, sharecropping, fragmented tiny holdings≈30 words
  2. 2Technological: early HYVs were wheat; rice HYVs unsuited to flood-prone, waterlogged lowlands; abundant surface water but poor controlled irrigation and rural electrification for tubewells≈30 words
  3. 3Policy and credit: IADP selected well-irrigated districts; weak cooperative credit and extension; poor markets and procurement in the east≈30 words
  4. 4Physical: floods (Bihar, Assam), drought in uplands (Odisha, Jharkhand)≈30 words

Open in about 20 words and close in about 20.

Answer plan

Green Revolution prerequisitesWhy the east lacked them (institutional, technological, policy, physical)Corrective measures

Where marks usually go

  • Repeating 'fertile soil and water' without explaining why water was not usable
  • Missing the land tenure argument

Draw this

  • India map contrasting Green Revolution belt (Punjab, Haryana, west UP) with BGREI states

Value addition

  • SchemeBringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI), launched 2010-11 under RKVY, covers Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, eastern UP and West Bengal.Ministry of Agriculture, 2010-11
  • ExampleFlood-tolerant 'Swarna Sub1' rice developed with IRRI targets the submergence problem of the eastern lowlands.IRRI and Indian partners

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