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QUESTION 7
GS1
10 marks

Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment.

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7 min
150 words
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What the examiner wants

Name the main volcanic eruptions of 2021 and explain their effects on the surrounding environment.

Mention + Explain impactAnswer exactly what the question asks.

Demand-wise check

  1. 1Eruptions: Cumbre Vieja (La Palma, Canary Islands), Nyiragongo (DR Congo), Fagradalsfjall (Iceland), Etna (Italy), Semeru (Indonesia), La Soufrière (St Vincent), Taal (Philippines), Fukutoku-Okanoba (underwater, Japan)≈30 words
  2. 2Placement: mostly on the Pacific Ring of Fire, plus hotspots and rift zones≈30 words
  3. 3Regional impacts: lava destroying homes and farms, ash affecting air travel and health, acid rain, pumice rafts, new land, short local cooling≈30 words
  4. 4Note positive effects: fertile soil, geothermal energy≈30 words

Open in about 20 words and close in about 20.

Answer plan

Global pattern (map)Named 2021 eruptionsRegional impacts with examplesConclusion

Where marks usually go

  • Explaining types of volcanoes without naming 2021 eruptions
  • Writing about global climate effects when the question asks about regional environment

Draw this

  • World map with 2021 eruptions plotted on plate boundaries

Value addition

  • ExampleCumbre Vieja on La Palma erupted for 85 days (Sept–Dec 2021), destroying about 3,000 buildings and adding new land to the coast.Spanish National Geographic Institute (IGN)
  • ExampleFukutoku-Okanoba's August 2021 undersea eruption produced pumice rafts that drifted to Okinawa and hurt fishing and port operations.Japan Meteorological Agency