← All questionsGS4 · 2026 · Ethics Theory ·Ethics in International Relations
QUESTION 5(b)
GS4
10 marks

In international relations, ethical considerations are often subjugated to the strategic interests of nation-states. Discuss this from an ethical perspective.

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7 min
150 words
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What the examiner wants

Examine realist strategic imperatives while showing why ethical norms also shape legitimacy, reciprocity and long-term national interest.

DiscussExplain the different sides of the issue, use evidence, and finish with a balanced view.

Demand-wise check

  1. 1Why survival/security dilemmas prioritize strategic interests≈30 words
  2. 2Ethical constraints from human rights, humanitarian principles, treaties, just-war ideas and global justice≈30 words
  3. 3How trust, reputation and legitimacy can themselves create strategic value≈30 words
  4. 4Responsible statecraft as the synthesis between moral absolutism and amoral realism≈30 words

Open in about 20 words and close in about 20.

Answer plan

Realist rationaleEthical constraintsStrategic value of ethicsResponsible statecraft

Where marks usually go

  • Assuming ethics and national interest are always opposed
  • Using moral rhetoric while ignoring the state’s duty to protect citizens

Value addition

  • Short-term interest vs long-term ethical-strategic legitimacy
    → Draw it in the body, next to the point it supports.

Official source anchors

These are authoritative sources selected for this exact PYQ. Where a card is an official-domain anchor rather than a fact-level citation, verify the precise provision, definition or data point on the linked source before using it.